Opti-ITS brings together architects, engineers, epidemiologists, hospital hygiene and infection researchers as well as health economists to explore the routes of pathogen transmission in hospital environments, specifically in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), a highly critical area of patient care. Understanding the pathogen's routes of transmission and the level of contribution of each of them for different types of pathogens, going from airborne pathogens such as respiratory virus to multidrug-resistant bacteria, will allow to better design and direct structural interventions that mitigate transmission of a wide range of pathogens, therefore, preventing and optimally managing nosocomial infections.