HYDIN mutations affect one component of the central pair apparatus.This defect is not detectable using conventional transmission electron microscopy. Ciliary beating appears stiff due to an impaired proximal bending.

Homozygous splice site mutation: c.3985G>T: video 1.
Homozygous splice site mutation: c.3985G>T: video 2.
Homozygous splice site mutation: c.3985G>T: video 3.
Homozygous splice site mutation: c.3985G>T: video 4.
Homozygous splice site mutation: c.3985G>T: video 5.
Homozygous splice site mutation: c.3985G>T: video 6.